Federal Capital (Paco Urondo Agency, Buenos Aires Economico published 10/01/2010)
The evolution of the wage relation in Argentina is closely linked with the models and accumulation regime implemented throughout history, which have significantly influenced the shaping and articulation of the labor market in our country in parallel and also the product of the productive sectors developed.
is from the military dictatorship that the labor market in Argentina began the first process of destruction that will reach its peak in the 90s. During this period, type of openness with economic stagnation, it started developing a reduction in real wages and a gradual decline in formal employment, thus establishing informal sector in an area of \u200b\u200brefuge and survival at the beginning of the process deindustrializing. It is imperative noted that the disintegration of the labor market is done in parallel with the decline of the welfare state who knew articulated during the import substitution, especially during the Peronist period.
The remarkable progress of the capital over the work begins in the military process involves the breaking of patterns of behavior within the traditional industrial relations system product of the abolition of the collective rights of workers, promoting retraction real wages. In turn, a product of the process of deindustrialization that took place, it generated a transfer to self-employed sectors, tertiary and informal parallel to that hidden unemployment rates and withdrawal effects in the labor market.
Thus, upon completion of the structural changes of the dictatorship in the economy and society, in addition to the funding crisis product of external debt in the early 80's, the structure of labor market affected. It is important to note that with the democratic opening, but with the financial crisis on their backs they finished with the hyperinflationary crisis, and industrial equipment destroyed and with little capacity to restructure, is that the structure down and deregulation of the labor market did not change broadly speaking, except for growth feminization of the work product of the economic needs of households and the growth of labor disputes result of the reappearance of the actor and the restoration of union bargaining patterns framed on the model of industrial relations.
From the 90s, and once established and secured the convertibility regime, is observed in the job market a second process of destruction of the labor market characterized from labor reforms "flexible" that according to prevailing neoliberal paradigm seeks to break the rigidity of labor regulations that impede access to employment and productive development and investment. In turn, during this period made significant reforms in the structure of labor and social institutions restricting the ability of state intervention as from trade liberalization, privatization of public enterprises and reducing the price of imports is that it will bring forward a process of deindustrialization that results in an increase in open unemployment, underemployment, informal urban and job insecurity.
This is the time in which consolidated the neoliberal paradigm, thus establishing a break not only in the respective economic policy but also in the role of the state and the institutions that are articulated Through the first. Thus, the various social institutions and sectors that they represent (social security, employment, health, education, etc.) were victims of profound structural changes whose consequences have to return in the living conditions of the population, especially in popular .
therefore articulates a process of economic restructuring from neoliberal policies and subscription to the Washington Consensus, whose stated objectives are to generate structural changes in the economic and social, affecting the state's role, capabilities and functions. An example of this is not only the privatization process of public enterprises but also with regard to regulation of industrial relations, social, educational and health policies, economic openness, financial recovery at the expense of productive capital, and so on. Therefore
, and benefited from the flexibility of labor regulations and the economic restructuring process, it generates a process of transformation in the process of accumulation of large companies in pursuit of lower costs, increase productivity and gain international competitiveness As desverticalizan from input substitution for imports, outsourcing of those inputs with lower productivity, expulsion of labor and employment rationalization, etc., which affects the formation of the labor market.
is interesting to note that the period analyzed, although with a strong process of industrialization that affects mainly small and medium enterprises, also has a growing service sector. However, not only this is not enough to absorb the unemployed labor, but also was an increase in productivity over the product.
If we add context changes on incomes policy, stimulated by the retraction in the industrial relations system and union bargaining power before the advance of capital and more flexible forms of production as is the case of trading by company rather than the historic industry, among which include the downgrading of the value of minimum wage, the definition of salary increases productivity, growth of non-remunerative concepts, ways of outsourced contracts, temporary, shortened and no social security contributions, such as lease of services, given time, internships, through temporary employment agencies, etc..
front grounds, means not only growth unemployment in Argentina but also the growth of urban informal sector, especially in its productive aspect, which becomes part of the logic of accumulation of large enterprises in their attempts to reduce costs, explaining the precarious working conditions for the period. That is why some major changes within the labor market in the process of destruction of the last decade was mainly because the increase in wage employment in the formal registration and the large companies desverticalizaión accompanied by policies rationalization of manpower through cost reduction, expulsion of labor and outsourcing, setting the urban informal system as the main supplier of goods and services in these large companies.
However, from the process that begins with the breakdown of the financial valuation model using the first and devaluation in 2003 with the consolidation of a profile of national development based on industrialization and development of production but at the time focused in the restructuring of work and income of the popular sectors as a determinant for the restructuring of the domestic market is that there is a marked improvement in the labor market based on the sustained fall in unemployment and precarious work.
This reverses the logic established in the second half of the '70s through the development of formal wage sector, which in turn creates an obvious reduction of poverty and destitution in the country that has overcome Global economic crisis successfully last year and that allows it is possible to argue that economic growth, investment and productive development without precarious working conditions.
The above allows us to observe that the labor market is closely linked to economic and development model generated. Consequently, the experiences in the country realize that the development national must be from a sustainable industrialization process that includes the popular sectors and strengthen the state's role to act as Protectoria to work, avoiding any form of precariousness and flexibility in pursuit of strengthening an alliance between capital and work to deploy the productive forces to generate economic growth and full employment for national development.
In contrast, and the other side of the sidewalk, still the remains of the Argentine experience in general and unemployed workers yesterday and today in particular employees know well: the absent state that legitimizes the job insecurity, unemployment and pauperization workers in favor of financial capital and under the support of the neoliberal ideological spillover defended by the Washington Consensus.
The choice between the labor market yesterday and today does not seem difficult.
The author holds a degree in labor relations of the Study Group of National Economy and Popular (GEENaP) www.geenap.com.ar (Paco Agency Urondo)
is from the military dictatorship that the labor market in Argentina began the first process of destruction that will reach its peak in the 90s. During this period, type of openness with economic stagnation, it started developing a reduction in real wages and a gradual decline in formal employment, thus establishing informal sector in an area of \u200b\u200brefuge and survival at the beginning of the process deindustrializing. It is imperative noted that the disintegration of the labor market is done in parallel with the decline of the welfare state who knew articulated during the import substitution, especially during the Peronist period.
The remarkable progress of the capital over the work begins in the military process involves the breaking of patterns of behavior within the traditional industrial relations system product of the abolition of the collective rights of workers, promoting retraction real wages. In turn, a product of the process of deindustrialization that took place, it generated a transfer to self-employed sectors, tertiary and informal parallel to that hidden unemployment rates and withdrawal effects in the labor market.
Thus, upon completion of the structural changes of the dictatorship in the economy and society, in addition to the funding crisis product of external debt in the early 80's, the structure of labor market affected. It is important to note that with the democratic opening, but with the financial crisis on their backs they finished with the hyperinflationary crisis, and industrial equipment destroyed and with little capacity to restructure, is that the structure down and deregulation of the labor market did not change broadly speaking, except for growth feminization of the work product of the economic needs of households and the growth of labor disputes result of the reappearance of the actor and the restoration of union bargaining patterns framed on the model of industrial relations.
From the 90s, and once established and secured the convertibility regime, is observed in the job market a second process of destruction of the labor market characterized from labor reforms "flexible" that according to prevailing neoliberal paradigm seeks to break the rigidity of labor regulations that impede access to employment and productive development and investment. In turn, during this period made significant reforms in the structure of labor and social institutions restricting the ability of state intervention as from trade liberalization, privatization of public enterprises and reducing the price of imports is that it will bring forward a process of deindustrialization that results in an increase in open unemployment, underemployment, informal urban and job insecurity.
This is the time in which consolidated the neoliberal paradigm, thus establishing a break not only in the respective economic policy but also in the role of the state and the institutions that are articulated Through the first. Thus, the various social institutions and sectors that they represent (social security, employment, health, education, etc.) were victims of profound structural changes whose consequences have to return in the living conditions of the population, especially in popular .
therefore articulates a process of economic restructuring from neoliberal policies and subscription to the Washington Consensus, whose stated objectives are to generate structural changes in the economic and social, affecting the state's role, capabilities and functions. An example of this is not only the privatization process of public enterprises but also with regard to regulation of industrial relations, social, educational and health policies, economic openness, financial recovery at the expense of productive capital, and so on. Therefore
, and benefited from the flexibility of labor regulations and the economic restructuring process, it generates a process of transformation in the process of accumulation of large companies in pursuit of lower costs, increase productivity and gain international competitiveness As desverticalizan from input substitution for imports, outsourcing of those inputs with lower productivity, expulsion of labor and employment rationalization, etc., which affects the formation of the labor market.
is interesting to note that the period analyzed, although with a strong process of industrialization that affects mainly small and medium enterprises, also has a growing service sector. However, not only this is not enough to absorb the unemployed labor, but also was an increase in productivity over the product.
If we add context changes on incomes policy, stimulated by the retraction in the industrial relations system and union bargaining power before the advance of capital and more flexible forms of production as is the case of trading by company rather than the historic industry, among which include the downgrading of the value of minimum wage, the definition of salary increases productivity, growth of non-remunerative concepts, ways of outsourced contracts, temporary, shortened and no social security contributions, such as lease of services, given time, internships, through temporary employment agencies, etc..
front grounds, means not only growth unemployment in Argentina but also the growth of urban informal sector, especially in its productive aspect, which becomes part of the logic of accumulation of large enterprises in their attempts to reduce costs, explaining the precarious working conditions for the period. That is why some major changes within the labor market in the process of destruction of the last decade was mainly because the increase in wage employment in the formal registration and the large companies desverticalizaión accompanied by policies rationalization of manpower through cost reduction, expulsion of labor and outsourcing, setting the urban informal system as the main supplier of goods and services in these large companies.
However, from the process that begins with the breakdown of the financial valuation model using the first and devaluation in 2003 with the consolidation of a profile of national development based on industrialization and development of production but at the time focused in the restructuring of work and income of the popular sectors as a determinant for the restructuring of the domestic market is that there is a marked improvement in the labor market based on the sustained fall in unemployment and precarious work.
This reverses the logic established in the second half of the '70s through the development of formal wage sector, which in turn creates an obvious reduction of poverty and destitution in the country that has overcome Global economic crisis successfully last year and that allows it is possible to argue that economic growth, investment and productive development without precarious working conditions.
The above allows us to observe that the labor market is closely linked to economic and development model generated. Consequently, the experiences in the country realize that the development national must be from a sustainable industrialization process that includes the popular sectors and strengthen the state's role to act as Protectoria to work, avoiding any form of precariousness and flexibility in pursuit of strengthening an alliance between capital and work to deploy the productive forces to generate economic growth and full employment for national development.
In contrast, and the other side of the sidewalk, still the remains of the Argentine experience in general and unemployed workers yesterday and today in particular employees know well: the absent state that legitimizes the job insecurity, unemployment and pauperization workers in favor of financial capital and under the support of the neoliberal ideological spillover defended by the Washington Consensus.
The choice between the labor market yesterday and today does not seem difficult.
The author holds a degree in labor relations of the Study Group of National Economy and Popular (GEENaP) www.geenap.com.ar (Paco Agency Urondo)
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